Kanagawa Prefectural History 5 Table of Contents

To Kanagawa Prefectural History

Introduction
Legend
Introduction
Social and Political Trends in the Taisho and Showa Eras
Part 1 Taisho Period

Chapter 1 World War I and Prefectural Government

The first round of war and prefectural administration

The view of participation by the people of one prefecture

The feeling of war
A poor social condition
Impact on trade in Yokohama during the war

Local administration during the Second World War

Thorough implementation of participation in citizens of the prefecture
War and political demands
Saving and mobilization of goods

3 “war spirit” and industrial incentive measures

Holding of time lectures
Rural industrial promotion measures

Section 2 Prefectural Government and Municipal Administration during World War II

Industrialization and political issues

Ups and downs of raw silk market and industrialization policy
Industrial Promotion Measures in Yokohama City
Promotion and Spread of Industrialization

Expanding awareness of business and constitutionality

Commerce and Industry Promotion and Prefectural Association
Commerce and Industry and Constituencies
Self-government in industrialization
Municipal administration of Yokohama and prefectural government

The bottom line of the three-constitutional politics

Self-government advocacy movement
Promotion and renewal of commerce and industry

Section 3: Movement toward Constitutional Politics and Regional Reform

1. The path to “politics for the people”

Interest in the Constitutional Politics
Improvement of local autonomy, a political issue

Improving the Environment of the entire region

Industrialization and local interests
"Amigasa Incident"
Governor's decision on "prefectural citizen-oriented"

Section 4: U.S. turmoil and Social Administration

1. Rice price problem and rice turmoil

Price surges and difficulties of living
Rice Prices
Sales of U.S.
U.S. turmoil and citizens of the prefecture

(ii) Changes in Local Administration

Strengthening of "thought issues" and administration
Industrial Promotion and Social Policy

Section 5 Civil Power Development Movement

One-Private Training Tournament

Emphasis on Self-Government Concept
The key points of the development of private power

Situation of the Implementation of the Development of Civil Power

Implementation of the Village
Various events of villager participation

Results of the Three People's Strengthening Campaign

Private Development Council
Characteristics and achievements of the Private Development Plan

Chapter 2 "Taisho Democracy" and Social Issues

Social Situation under Section 1 “Democracy”

Establishment and development of the Ichiyuaikai Branch

Formation of Kawasaki Branch
Activities and Characteristics of Kawasaki Branch
Disputes with Kawasaki Branch
Increase in branch offices and Yokohama Union Association
Decline of Branches

2 Versailles Peace and Public Opinion

Celebration of victory and soldiers in Siberia
Development of postwar theory
"Many people of the world" after the war
Peace Conference and Public Opinion

Section 2 Ordinary Election Campaign

The general election campaign from 1919 to 20.

Theory of expanding the right to vote in the Yokohama Trade Shimpo
Theory of general election and the movement of the prefecture
General election campaign by labor organizations
The general election campaign of the constitutional government
General Elections and General Elections

The general election campaign from 2922 to 23

Re-enhancement of the general election campaign
The general election campaign in Yokosuka
Citizens' Meeting in Yokohama
1923 general election campaign
Characteristics of the general election campaign in the prefecture

Section 3 Improvement of Education Conditions

Transformation of primary education

Encouragement of attending school and attendance
Increase in Professor Nibe
Temporary Education Conference
Basis of the Taisho Free Education Movement

Training of National Dotoku and Secondary School

Changes in the secondary school system
Increase in secondary school students
Entrance examination competition
Increase in the second part of the Normal School
Relocation of Women's Normal

Social Education and Youth Group

Social Education
All prefectural associations of youth groups
Youth training centers and military education

Section 4 Labor Movement

Labor movement before and after the Great Depression

A dramatic increase in labor dispute
Formation of Labor Organizations
The Mutual Aid Association and the Mutual Aid Association
Formation of the Yokohama Shipbuilding Industry Association
1922 Yokohama Shipyard Conflict
Formation of Seamen's Association

The division and expansion of labor movement

Breakup of the Alliance with the Yokohama Joint Labor Union
Formation of the General Alliance Kanagawa Union Association
Council organization in the prefecture
Labor unionization of the Yoko Arsenal Friendship Association
Formation of the Labor Union
Movement of Yokohama streetcar Kyowakai
Activities of the Yokohama Labor Union Council

Section 5 Changes in Rural Areas and peasant disputes

Development of a peasant dispute after the Great War

Changes in rural areas during the war
Regional characteristics of rural villages in the prefecture
Beginning of a peasant dispute
Implementation of grain inspection and peasant dispute
Falling agricultural prices and peasant disputes
Tactics of returning tenant land
Results of the peasant dispute

Changes in Rural Society

Organization and character of a single peasant union
Formation and activities of systematic farmers' associations
Trends in Landlord Organizations
Social advancement of peasants
Mobilized young people

Section 6 Urban Development and Urban Renewal Movement

Urban Problems

Occurrence of Air Pollution
Waste disposal
A growing housing shortage

(Ii) an attempt to rehabilitate cities

Advocacy of "New City Theory"
Start of Social Administration and Urban Planning
Establishment and Project of Kanagawa Prefecture Shozaikai

Chapter 3 The Great Kanto Earthquake and Prefectural Government

Section 1 Current Situation of Disasters

damage situation by region

September 1
damage situation in various parts of the prefecture
Actual damage caused by vibration

Disasters and the movement of citizens of the prefecture

The phrase and vigilantes of "the Korean invasion"
Killing Koreans in the prefecture
Korean rescue

Section 2 martial law and disaster countermeasures in the prefecture

1. Progress of martial law and disaster treatment (1)

Order of martial law
Municipalities under the enforcement of martial law
Maintenance of security and protection of salvation
Securing food and developing infectious diseases

Progress of martial law and disaster response (2)

Deployment of the army
The activities of the army
Disaster recovery

Section 3 The actual situation of reconstruction work for citizens of the prefecture

(I) Creating an Organization for Reconstruction from the Earthquake and Mayors' Association

Kanagawa Reconstruction Promotion Association and Earthquake Relief
Overcoming municipal financial shortages
Activities of Regional Reconstruction Society

Part of the reconstruction work of the two municipalities

Reconstruction work in Yokohama City
Financial resources for reconstruction and citizen burden
Reconstruction work in Kawasaki City

Section 4 Social Situation after the earthquake and the issue of abolition of county system

(I) Social state in good faith

Oscillation and good conduct of thought after the earthquake
Social change and feelings of citizens of the prefecture

Abolition of two county government offices and cultivation of municipal autonomy

Mayors' Association and extension of autonomy
Dissemination of the concept of town administration and self-government

Part 2 Early Showa Period

Chapter 1 Prefectural Government before and after the Showa Depression

Section 1 Impact of the Financial Depression on Society

Administrative and financial issues and social unrest

Prefectural municipal tax delinquency
Closed by Soda Bank

The Social Life of Citizens in Depression

Development of Labor and Farmers' Movement
Distinguished remarks and poverty of citizens' lives
The worsening of unemployment problem

Implementation of the general election under the recession

General election by general election and citizens of the prefecture

Theory of general election and "good politics"
People of the prefecture's general election
Results of the First General Election

Trends in Election of Prefectural Assembly Members

Trends in prefectural election by general election
Political party competition and election interference
Changes in political party maps
Critic forces entering the market

Section 3 Depression and Prefectural Government and Municipal Administration

(I) Keynote of Depression

The Road to Conserving Consumption
Improvement of economic life
To the realization of a public-private economic austerity movement

(Ii) the actual situation of the public-private economic austerity movement

Practice in the village
Movement and Farmer's Economy
Effects of exercise as seen from a survey of lifestyle

Deployment of Chapter 2 “Non-Meeting Time”

Section 1 Noyama Fishing Village Economic Rehabilitation Plan

Kazuaki City and Rural Areas under the Depression

Personnel adjustment of micro-business and industrial workers and workers
A rural village under the cocoon crash
The poverty of sericulture farmers
Municipal administration under the Depression

(Ii) Economic Rehabilitation Plan and Promotion of Movement

Rural poverty and relief petition movement
Noyama Fishing Village Economic Rehabilitation Movement
The Highlights of National Rehabilitation

Section 2 Manchuria Incident and the National Athletic Meet Movement

1. People's behavior thanks to "Tokimasa"

Conflict between labor and management and man
Consumer unions and farmers' unions
Trends in the Low Depression

The Road to Semi-war System

Manchurian Incident and Chinese Resident
Expansion of convening and residents of the prefecture
Emergency Response Measures

Section 3 Culture and Education during the Second World War

(I) Repression of Educational Movements and Training of Military Youth

New education movement in the prefecture
Local education
Reduction of total mobilization and teacher salary
Outdoor exercise for secondary school students
Prevention of "Left Inclination Exercise"
Thorough mobilization of the National Spirit

2. The path to entering secondary school and the path to working work

Secondary school entrance examination system
Secondary school district system
Group work

Chapter 3 Citizens and Prefectural Governments under Pacific War

Section 1: Sino-Japanese War and the Trends of Citizens

The path to a one-time system

The prefectural assembly under "Semi-war"
Wartime system development and citizens of the prefecture
Construction of military capital and surrounding rural areas

Formation of munitions industrial zone

Construction of canals and securing of electricity and industrial water
Strengthening Economic Control and Yokohama Port
Smoke and toxic gas

3 The Holy War and the Labor Movement

The increase in work related accidents and labor disputes
Antifascism and the dismantling of labor unions

Section 2 Gross National Mobilization and Social Conditions

Strengthening the Unification System and Rural Areas

Celebration of victory and consumer life
The reality of ordinary people's lives
Labor shortage and food production
Measures to secure agricultural production

Expansion of industrial zones and workers

Increase in the number of workers and housing problems
Ecology of Industrial Zones
Defence Donations
Deteriorating work conditions and the Industrial Information Council

Section 3 The situation of admired politics

Political control during the war

Election of prefectural assembly in 1940
Establishment of Burakukai and Neighborhood Associations
Control and Tax Increase

Strengthening the control of two meals

Rice saving and increase production
Decreasing self-cultivated farmers
"Manshu" immigrants

Construction and expansion of the three military capitals

Military construction project
A port that increases the military color

(Iv) the bottom of the organization of the Industrial Information Society

Special High Police and Industry News
Forcing rice saving
Repression of labor unions and Koreans in Japan

Section 4 Educational Administration and Finance during the War

From one elementary school to a national school

The establishment of a national school and the deification of the Emperor
National treasury burden of municipal compulsory education expenses
Repression of Mission School

(Ii) Changes in the secondary school system

Integrated system for secondary education
Mobilization of students
Mobilized Life

Schools and Speech Control

Evacuation of schoolchild Group
Life in the evacuation destination
Control of speech

Section 5 Citizens' Life under Pacific War

1. Citizens under the Holy War

"2,600-year-old festival"
Beginning of Pacific War and citizens of the prefecture

Anxiety about the system to increase production of double meals

Food self-sufficiency and rural reorganization
Rice price increase and savings

Decrease in the functions of the three cities

Regional differences in distribution
Military Priority City

Total mobilization of "After Guns"

Increase production
A labor force

Section 6 War disaster of citizens of the prefecture

Status of the Battle of One Battle

Spreading disturbing behavior
Strengthening police control
The threat of air raid

The grounds for the two-story battle

Food shortage
Preparation system for the mainland decisive battle

Development of indiscriminate bombings in three cities

Air raid measures
Strategic Bombing of the U.S. Army
Expansion of carpet bombing

(Iv) Citizens who are facing the end of the war

Regional characteristics of war disasters
Spreading escape and feeling of war
"The end of the war" of anxiety and expectation

Part 3 Hyundai

Chapter 1 Occupation and Reconstruction Period

Section 1 of the Allied Forces and Kanagawa Prefecture

First-ranked troops and Kanagawa

The confusion immediately after the defeat
Preparation for admission

Kanagawa Prefectural Government under Occupation

The beginning of indirect governance
The Speciality of Kanagawa Prefecture
Public Relations Administration

People's Life under Occupation

An accident with a soldier
Requisition Problems
Occupation Forces and Workers
Bases and customs
Base and Children

Prefectural Government in the Transient Period

Start of prefectural government after the war

The starting point of postwar prefectural government
New Party of Government Measures
Temporary title of prefectural government in 1945
Food problem
Reconstruction of War Damage
New guidelines for prefectural administration

Fetal movement to change

Chaos of administrative organizations
Reorganization of Neighborhood Associations
Critics of War Leaders
The movement of political parties
Exclusion of Public Office

Challenges in the Transient Period

Birth of a governor from diplomats
Announcement of draft constitution and general election
Food measures
Governor of Public Relations

Four Transforming Local System

Revision of local system
Special Municipal System Issues
Problems over Area Change

Section 3 Rehabilitation of Social Movements

The departure of the post-war labor movement

Resurrection of Labor Movement
May Day and Food May Day
Democracy Front Movement

Development of labor union movement

General Alliance and Industry
From the struggle in October to 2.1st
Development of the People's Movement

Regeneration of the Three Farmers' Movement

Organization of Farmers' Unions
Agricultural Land Reform and Farmers' Movement
Regeneration of Fishermen's Movement

Social movement

Dodge offensive
Red purge
Labor Administration

Section 4 Reconstruction of Education

Education under occupation

Wartime Education and Occupation Force Directive
Eligibility for Education
Removal of Bonanden
Formation of Kanagawa Teachers' Association
Principal of Taiyo Hiratsuka Junior High School
The division of the Kanagawa Teachers' Association
Establishment of Kamakura University

(Ii) Establishment of a new education system

Enforcement of the Basic Law on Education
New junior high school and high school
New school district
Establishment of Board of Education

Section 5 Prefectural Government under the Constitution of Japan

(I) New prefectural government leaders

Governor Watanuki Election
Municipal mayoral election
Election of Local Assembly Members

The structure of prefectural government under the New Constitution

New Constitution and Prefectural Government
Location of prefectures under the Local Autonomy Law
Prefectures and municipalities
Dissolution of the Neighborhood Associations Burakukai

Issues of Sanshin Prefectural Government

Advising Governor of the Election
Consumer and Welfare
Labor Administration
Tourism administration
Police System
State branch offices
Staff problem

4. Exploration of reconstruction

Urban reconstruction
Conversion of former military facilities
Urban and rural areas
Water Resources
Disaster recovery

Section 6 Prefectural Government during the "Economic Reconstruction" Period

1 Prefectural Finance Status

"Prefectural Finance Status Report"
Creation of New Taxes
Problems related to Electric Gas Tax

The Road to Economic Revitalization

Yoshida Cabinet and Dodgeline
Administrative arrangement
Trade

Transformation of Administrative Methods

Changes in Occupation Policy
Shaop Recommendation and Administrative Redistribution
Survey of Expert Committee Members
Public Relations Activities
Public Safety Ordinance

(4) Movement after peace

Local elections
Expectations for the release of requisition land
Track of Reconstruction Measures
New System Revision

Chapter 2 High Growth Period

Section 1 Reorganization of Prefectural Administration and Municipalities

Social background of the merger of one town and village

History of the Merger
Shaup Recommendation
Local government finance crisis
Establishment of Municipal Merger Promotion Act

Promotion process of the merger of two towns and villages

The spirit of the prefecture
Prefectural Merger Plan
The highest achievement rate in Japan
Actual Status of Mergers

General remarks and disputes over the merger of the three towns and villages

The conflict in Shibutanicho and the branch village
Problems in the Izumi area
Other disputes and branch issues
Cause of Conflict

Four Municipal Merger and High Growth

After the expiration of the Promotion Act
Merger of Municipal Merger
Construction of new municipalities and high growth

Section 2 Increase in Population and Progress of Urbanization

Progress of industrial development in one prefecture

Adoption of industrialized routes
The municipalities in hesitation
Prosperity of Kawasaki City
Yokohama, which begins to rebuild the city
Negishi Bay Landfill and Fishermen's Opposition
Exciting industrialization heat

The future of urbanization

Poor housing conditions
Abandoned Urban Living Environment
Bett Town in the Tokyo metropolitan area
Changes in suburban agriculture
Land use confusion and water shortage

(ii) Urbanization Society and Prefectural Government

Trends of Modernization
Progress of motorization
Transformation of Consumer Society and City
Water Resources and Submerged Residents
Municipalities seeking welfare priority and issues of resource conservation
To formulate the Third Comprehensive Plan

Section 3 Peace Movement and Battle against Bases

Development of the Ippei Peace Movement

Stockholm Appeal
All-out peace request movement
A hydrogen bombed tuna and ash of death
Spreading Atomic Bomb Prohibition Campaign
Start of mother exercise

The struggle against the base

Base Issues under Occupation
Struggle against Kishine Base
Base struggle

Struggle for Security in 19360

Oerlikon Opposition Campaign
The start of the security struggle
Development of security struggles
Movement against nuclear submarine calling
Response of the prefecture

Section 4 Development of Labor Union Movement

Formation of a reputation and organization of all laborers Kanagawa

Overview
Formation of Land Review
Electric Stands and Nissan Disputes
Organization of All Labor Kanagawa

2 Spring Labor Union Movement

Start of Spring Fighting
Productivity Improvement Campaign
Steel dispute
Security struggles and labor unions

Reorganization of Trade Union Movement

Expansion of Spring Fighting
Small and medium-sized business dispute
Establishment of the Kanagawa Alliance
Labor administration

Section 5 Industrialization and Pollution Issues

(1) From the control system to the coordination system

Damage that began again
Industry priority or health priority
Prefectural ordinances and initial pollution disputes

(Ii) Pollution Opposition Campaign in the Keihin Region

Problem of construction of Asahi Iron and Steel
Kawasaki's soot and smoke expulsion civil movement
Operation of Asahi Steel

Deterioration of the Third City Environment and Request for Establishment of City Ordinances

Promotion of industrial location
Deteriorating Urban Environment
Realization of health hazards
Citizen's City Ordinance Establishment Request

(Iv) Prevention of Pollution

Environmental conditions in a rapidly changing prefecture
The progress of industrialization and residents
To local autonomy to protect the lives of residents

Section 6 Expanding Educational Conditions

Education that struggles

Actual Conditions of Second Classes
Classes in Kawasaki City
Base and Educational Environment
Environmental Purification Campaign

2-time evaluation Kanagawa system and high school education

Background of Birthday
Kannagawa method
The division of high teaching groups
Measures to increase the number of high school students
Grants to private schools

Chapter 3 “Industrialization”

Section 1 Social Issues in Development

1. The consequences of high growth policies

Comprehensive Development Plan in Kanagawa Prefecture
Contradictions and Transformation in Development Policy
Background of Social Issues

(2) Deteriorating Living Environment

Housing Problems
Sewer and cleaning problems
Insufficient educational facilities

(ii) devastated prefectural land

Road and traffic problems
Prefectural land that is vulnerable to disasters
Overexploitation and Agriculture

Section 2 Self-government and participation of residents

1. Residents' Welfare and Local Government

The issue of local autonomy “Sumiyo”
Reform of Local Governments in Yokohama
Urban Issues and Local Governments

2. Local Government Management and Residents' Movement

Redevelopment plan for the prefectural area
Movement of Residents to Protect Living Environment
Outline Administration and Urban Development
Local Government Administration and Residents' Movement

3 Local residents and participatory self-government

Community welfare and volunteer activities
Participation-type local governments

Section 3 Pollution Opposition Campaign

(I) Kanagawa as an advanced zone for pollution administration

New ordinance system of prefecture
Yokohama City's Pollution Prevention Agreement
Light and darkness of newly established industrial zone and existing industrial zone
Enlightenment of Citizens and Its Limits

2. Industrial pollution and living environment

Start of Kawasaki Anti-Pollution Residents Movement
Before and after the establishment of basic pollution control measures
Shonan's opposition movement to enter the industrial complex
Environmental standards for sulfur oxides and the Keihin area
Nippon Kokan Relocation Plan to Ougishima

3. Anger of pollution

Hazardous substances in daily life
Nippon Kokan, an environment-friendly environment
Tokyo Bay Hydro incident and cadmium rice
Accused of pollution disease

Toward the recovery of a good environment

Residents seeking a good environment
Reduction of total contamination
Unknown pollution that shook citizens of the prefecture
Signs of recovery and new challenges

Section 4 Nature and Cultural Property Protection Movement

conservation Movement for Citizens and Residents

Enoshima Tourism Development and Decommissioning Issues
Residents' groups that have begun to move
Kamakura Mitani Housing Competition Campaign and Scenic Conservation
Dispersed and isolated inhabitants movement

2 From the Environment to the Natural Ecosystem

From "Let's Protect Sagami Bay" to "Kanagawa Nature Conservation Federation"
Progress of overexploitation and local autonomy
Pollution, environmental destruction and "Return nature"

(ii) To a community where nature and human beings coexist

Longing for Nature and Devastated City
Create nature within the city
Urbanization under high growth
The beginning of the fight against natural restoration

Section 5 The present stage of the inhabitants movement

And background of the consumer movement

Background of Consumer Issues
Creation and Development of Consumer Movements

Development of Consumer Movements

Consumer Movement during the Enlightenment Period
Consumer Sports Life School during the Development Period
Exercise of co-ops

(ii) Exercise under Petroleum Panic

Oil panic
Activities of Consumer Organizations
After oil panic

Development of Consumer Administration
Establishment of the Basic Law on Consumer Protection
Consumer Administration in Kanagawa Prefecture
Petroleum panic and prefectural measures
Establishment of Prefectural Consumer Ordinance

Explore the “Regional Ages”
List of writing assignments
Chronological table
Appendix

Translation table
Current list of old villages by municipalities
Year list

Sweeping
Mouth picture

Taisho Primary School Magazine "Gakunodo" (collected by Motomachi Elementary School, Yokohama City)
Figure showing the fire in Yokohama City that occurred at the same time as the earthquake (an appendix to the Kami Nagawa County Earthquake Magazine)
The city of Yokohama, which became a scorched earth ("Great Earthquake Photo Gallery")
Social conditions under the Showa Depression

Workers who eat (Kanagawa Prefecture Shozai Kaizo)
People who gathered at Kotobuki Station to receive rice cakes and rice for New Year's Day (collected by the Prefectural Cultural Museum)

Hyakunin Isshu, a magazine that raised the spirit of war

Shonen Club, King, Aikoku Hyakunin Isshu (Tsukui-gun Local Museum)

A chokki made as a tasuki and a streamer used to send expedition soldiers and a bullet.
A picture of an incendiary bomb near a telephone station depicting the state of the war in Hiratsuka and incendiary bombs
War disaster situation in Kawasaki City
Situation of housing and food shortages immediately after the defeat ("KANAGAWA1945-1955")
Governor Iwataro Uchiyama, who played an important role in prefectural government after the war.
Post-war Educational democratization policy was held as one of the post-war educational democratization policies.
The city has changed drastically with population growth

Near Fujisawa Station - around 1965 (collected by Fujisawa City Archives)
Near Fujisawa Station-As of February 1982 (Prefectural History Editorial Office)

Factory area of Tsurumi and Kawasaki seen from the roof of the prefectural office (prefectural history editorial room)
1st "Regional Age" Symposium (collected by Kanagawa Prefectural Office)